Monday, May 31, 2021

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Story Twists Information on Diagnosing Development COVID-19 Cases

SciCheck Digest

A viral headline shared on social media falsely asserts that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention changed testing thresholds to “virtually eliminate” COVID-19 cases among vaccinated individuals. That’s wrong. The threshold in question simply applies to whether or not there is enough virus present in a sample for further analysis.



Full Story

As part of its efforts to track breakthrough COVID-19 cases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently offered public health departments and labs guidance for when to send the federal agency samples from such cases.

The agency defines breakthrough infections as those that occur when someone tests positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at least two weeks after they receive their final dose of a vaccine. Specimens from some of those cases are collected so that scientists can sequence the sample, which can identify specific variants of the virus.

A false claim spreading on social media distorts the facts on this issue, wrongly asserting that the CDC has changed COVID-19 testing procedures to no longer count cases among vaccinated people.

The website Zero Hedge — known for spreading misinformation — ran a May 23 story headlined, “Caught Red-Handed: CDC Changes Test Thresholds To Virtually Eliminate New COVID Cases Among Vaxx’d.” It was shared on Facebook more than 13,000 times, according to CrowdTangle analytics data.

The story was actually republished from a website called off-guardian.org, whose own post garnered more than 2,000 shares on Facebook.

But the claims made in the story rest on a misrepresentation of what the CDC said.

The piece begins by accusing the agency of “altering its practices of data logging and testing for ‘Covid19’ in order to make it seem the experimental gene-therapy ‘vaccines’ are effective at preventing the alleged disease.”

First of all, as we’ve explained, experts say the COVID-19 vaccines authorized for emergency use in the U.S. are not gene therapy. While some have made that claim about the mRNA vaccines — from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna — the vaccines do not modify a person’s genes. A Food and Drug Administration spokesperson also told us in a recent email that “none of these vaccines are defined as a gene therapy.”

And the vaccines have proven to be highly effective in clinical trials — and, so far, in real-world use. For more, see our SciCheck stories on the Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines.

The viral story focuses on polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, tests — which have been used to diagnose COVID-19 — and the issue of cycle threshold values. The piece dubiously purports that high cycle threshold values have been responsible for false-positive cases that have helped to cause “an entirely created pandemic narrative.”

As we’ve outlined before, a PCR test works by scanning the RNA in a sample, such as a nose swab, and searching for the virus RNA. The test analyzes samples by amplifying a segment of the virus’s genetic material in a series of cycles. A sample with a higher viral load — meaning more virus is present in the sample — will require fewer cycles to detect the novel coronavirus. Lower viral loads will be detected at higher cycles.

There is no universal threshold setting or endpoint — “although 40-45 cycles is often used as the endpoint” of a PCR run — Ian Mackay, a virologist in Australia, previously told us.

The central debate among scientists in regards to COVID-19 cases detected at high cycle threshold values (meaning less virus is present) isn’t whether they are false positives, but how to interpret and act on those cases. For example, a sample detected at a cycle threshold of 45 could mean the person already had COVID-19 and is no longer contagious; though, alternatively, it could also mean someone only recently became infected.

The viral story claims that “NOW, and only for fully vaccinated people, the CDC will only accept samples achieved from 28 cycles or fewer. That can only be a deliberate decision in order to decrease the number of ‘breakthrough infections’ being officially recorded.”

That’s not what the CDC has said about a cycle threshold of 28.

Instead, the CDC said samples submitted for genetic sequencing would need to be at that threshold. Scientists use sequencing to decode the genes of the virus to better understand factors such as its spread and evolution.

On its informational page for public health departments and laboratories, the CDC provides instructions for submitting samples to the agency for breakthrough infection monitoring. There, the CDC says: “For cases with a known RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value, submit only specimens with Ct value ≤28 to CDC for sequencing. (Sequencing is not feasible with higher Ct values.)”

The threshold doesn’t pertain to deciding whether the test is positive or not.

“The CDC is still counting positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular results with any cycle threshold value as it pertains to case counts,” Matthew Binnicker, a professor of laboratory medicine and pathology at the Mayo Clinic, told us in an email. “However, for sequencing studies, laboratories need a certain amount of the virus’ RNA in a sample for the sequencing to be successful. In other words, if there is a low amount of the viral RNA present, the sequencing will not produce results that can be interpreted.”

CDC spokeswoman Jasmine Reed told us the same.

Reed said in an email that the “Ct value ≤28 is not used to define whether a specimen is positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2. The Ct value cutoff of 28 is only for submitting specimens that test positive for SARS-CoV-2 to CDC for sequencing.”

“Different labs will use different cutoffs for deciding when to perform sequencing. However, the Ct value needed to perform sequencing will not vary by vaccination status,” she added. “In general, CDC uses the same Ct value cutoff for submitting other SARS-CoV-2 surveillance specimens for sequencing. That cutoff is set because at Ct values >28 it becomes increasingly difficult to successfully sequence the specimen because the RNA levels in the specimens are generally too low.”

All Positive COVID-19 Cases Are Counted

The viral story goes on to wrongly say that “being asymptomatic – or having only minor symptoms – will no longer count as a ‘Covid case’” if the person is vaccinated, even if someone tests positive.

The story cites a CDC May 1 update that says the agency “transitioned from monitoring all reported vaccine breakthrough cases to focus on identifying and investigating only hospitalized or fatal cases due to any cause.”

It’s true that the CDC has decided to no longer investigate and report on all breakthrough cases. Instead, it will actively investigate and report on hospitalized or fatal cases, Reed told us. The CDC developed a national database through which state health departments can enter and manage data for such cases.

“As of May 1, 2021 CDC has transitioned from public reporting of all vaccine breakthrough cases to focus on identifying and actively investigating hospitalized or fatal cases for clustering by patient demographics, geographic location, time since vaccination, vaccine type, and SARS-CoV-2 lineage,” Reed said. “Some health departments may continue to report all vaccine breakthrough cases; however, CDC will focus its public reporting on hospitalized and fatal cases.”

The CDC page on breakthrough infection reporting notes: “Data on patients with vaccine breakthrough infection who were hospitalized or died will be updated regularly.” It adds that studies around the country are also being conducted on breakthrough infections, regardless of clinical status, “to supplement the national surveillance.”

But the May 1 change does not mean that positive COVID-19 tests among vaccinated people will “no longer be recorded” as COVID-19 cases, as the story claims.

If someone tests positive for COVID-19, “you are going to be recorded as a case, there is no way around it,” Ali Mokdad, chief strategy officer for population health at the University of Washington, told us in a phone interview. “They didn’t change the rules.”

In other words, if someone who is vaccinated tests positive for COVID-19, that case will still be reported in standard COVID-19 case counts. Jade Fulce, another CDC spokeswoman, confirmed that “breakthrough cases are captured in the regular case reporting system.”

That said, Mokdad — who previously worked at the CDC — is among some critics of the agency’s decision to focus only on breakthrough infections that result in hospitalizations or deaths.

By not more closely investigating all breakthrough infections, Mokdad argues, opportunities are missed to more closely understand trends in breakthrough infections — such as the role of specific variants, or whether the infections are occurring following a specific vaccine, in a certain time period or in certain demographics.

He argues that the CDC should conduct regular random sampling among vaccinated people — especially since most asymptomatic breakthrough infections will not be tested and identified — to observe how things change over time and in different populations.

The CDC in a May 25 report said there were 10,262 breakthrough infections reported between Jan. 1 and April 30. About 101 million people were fully vaccinated by April 30.

While that suggests such cases are rare, the agency acknowledged that “the number of reported COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough cases is likely a substantial undercount of all SARS-CoV-2 infections among fully vaccinated persons.” That’s in part because the data may not be complete and because people with such infections, “especially those who are asymptomatic or who experience mild illness, might not seek testing.”

Editor’s note: SciCheck’s COVID-19/Vaccination Project is made possible by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The foundation has no control over our editorial decisions, and the views expressed in our articles do not necessarily reflect the views of the foundation. The goal of the project is to increase exposure to accurate information about COVID-19 and vaccines, while decreasing the impact of misinformation.

Sources

Binnicker, Matthew. Professor of laboratory medicine and pathology, Mayo Clinic. Email to FactCheck.org. 24 May 2021.

Caryn Rabin, Roni. “C.D.C. Will Not Investigate Mild Infections in Vaccinated Americans.” New York Times. 25 May 2021.

“COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigation and Reporting.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 25 May 2021.

“COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC — United States, January 1–April 30, 2021.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 25 May 2021.

Fichera, Angelo. “Texas Doctor Spreads False Claims About COVID-19 Vaccines.” FactCheck.org. 26 Mar 2021.

Fichera, Angelo. “Viral Posts Distort WHO Guidance on COVID-19 Tests.” FactCheck.org. 29 Jan 2021.

Food and Drug Administration. Email to FactCheck.org. 12 Apr 2021.

“Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated 17 May 2021.

McDonald, Jessica. “The Facts on Coronavirus Testing.” FactCheck.org. 10 Mar 2020.

Fulce, Jade. Spokeswoman, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Email to FactCheck.org. 27 May 2021.

Mokdad, Ali. Chief strategy officer for population health, University of Washington. Phone interview with FactCheck.org. 26 May 2021.

“Published SARS-CoV-2 Sequences.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 27 May 2021.

Reed, Jasmine. Spokeswoman, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Email to FactCheck.org. 24 May 2021.

The post Story Twists Facts on Diagnosing Breakthrough COVID-19 Cases appeared first on FactCheck.org.

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The Situation for Game-Based Math Knowing

ST Math, an online program from MIND Research Institute used by more than 1.3 million P-8 students, employs a visual, gamified approach to teach math. I recently spoke with MIND’s chief data science officer Andrew Coulson, who heads evaluation of student and teacher usage and outcomes for ST Math, about the program’s approach to math learning and evaluating education technology more broadly.

Hess: What is ST Math—how does it work, and how is it different from all the other math programs and curricula out there?

Coulson: ST Math is a supplemental visual instructional program for students from pre-K through grade eight that leverages the brain’s innate spatial-temporal reasoning ability to comprehend and solve mathematical problems presented as a game. ST Math avoids complex abstractions when a student is first encountering a math concept. There are no new math symbols or vocabulary to start—just animated visual puzzles that start easy, become challenging by design, and must be solved to move forward. The puzzles provide dynamic visual models that explain why the math works. This low cognitive load to start provides a lower barrier to begin learning. Students, regardless of their math-proficiency level, engage by testing out their ideas and learning from thousands of repetitions of immediate, visual formative feedback. And for them, ST Math is a challenging game, so they are motivated to persevere and win.

Hess: Why make it a game?

Coulson: In our case, the math itself is the game. There aren’t unnecessary or distracting features interspersed with math problems. Our research indicated that nonmathematical features typically found in games, such as avatar creation or timers, were a distraction for some kids, so we eliminated them! Using game mechanics, such as including informative feedback and intrinsic motivation, has awesome implications for academic content. You get as many chances as you need to solve a puzzle, but you do ultimately have to solve it. Students don’t believe a game designer would make a puzzle too hard for them to overcome, so they persevere through challenges.

Hess: Where did this idea come from?

Coulson: Twenty-five years ago, neuroscience researchers from the University of California, Irvine, had the insight that our brains are hardwired for visual pattern manipulation. These researchers created visual puzzles to test this observation and found that all students had a surprisingly high visual reasoning ability. They knew that this innate ability was not being leveraged to solve a serious education problem: a lack of deep conceptual understanding of mathematics. This led to the founding of our nonprofit and the patenting of our unique approach. We continued our research and created a math curriculum that uses visual puzzles.

Hess: What’s the cost for ST Math?

Coulson: ST Math can be purchased by districts and schools. The ST Math site subscription model provides access to ST Math for the entire school population, across all grade levels, at one annual price, which starts at three-thousand five-hundred dollars annually and varies by enrollment. Families can subscribe to ST Math Homeschool if their child is not using ST Math through their school. ST Math Homeschool was made free to families on March 14, 2020, due to COVID-19 and resulting school closures. This program will remain free through June 2022.

Hess: Some parents might be wary of game-based learning—how do you reassure them that students are actually learning?

Coulson: I agree with wariness about games that mix too healthy a serving of nonacademic fun with actual learning. To a parent overseeing their child playing ST Math at home, I would say this: Look at your child’s face to see if there is higher-level thinking going on a substantial amount of the time. See if your child is being challenged and if they celebrate when they overcome a challenge. Even try some puzzles yourself!

Hess: How do you gauge the program’s learning outcomes?

Coulson: ST Math’s reporting helps ensure productive time on task. Teacher reports illustrate the math each student has covered, as well as their time of use and productivity in puzzle completion. While some struggle is beneficial, teachers can check on pre- and postquiz scores and receive alerts when students are struggling. When it comes to the efficacy of ST Math, we have third-party evaluations and established an annual study cadence with repeatable results. One of our largest studies ever, which included over one-hundred-fifty thousand students, was released by independent researcher WestEd and verified by SRI. Researchers found that schools that consistently used ST Math outgrew similar schools in statewide rank by fourteen percentile points.

Hess: Do you have any favorite success stories?

Coulson: We all hear the narrative that some people have “the math gene” while others do not. Parents are elated when one of their children who thought they had no chance at understanding math becomes engaged and confident in their abilities. It’s not a research data point—it’s a life-changing moment for that family. In my almost twenty years at MIND, I’ve heard so many stories like that—too many to count! One that has particularly stayed with me is about a kindergartner from D.C. public schools, a once-introverted student, who thrived since using ST Math. Not only did the success he earned through ST Math improve his confidence, it also opened up leadership opportunities for him. Once the student reached one-hundred percent completion of ST Math early, he pivoted to sharing his expertise as a mini math coach, helping other students through struggle and success. I love stories like this that show ST Math has value even beyond math.

Hess: What are one or two concrete tips you can give to parents or teachers evaluating ed-tech offerings?

Coulson: Especially over the past year, companies have offered an overwhelming number of learning resources to schools and families. The needs of each student are different, so I recommend parents research whether a resource has robust, recent, and repeated evidence showing that it works across diverse groups of students, as then it’s more likely to add value for your child. We actually put together an e-book to help parents and teachers do just that. Additionally, learn what the providers’ recommended usage requirements are to get the results and make sure your child is putting in that usage.

This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.

Frederick Hess is director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute and an executive editor of Education Next.

This post originally appeared on Rick Hess Straight Up.

The post The Case for Game-Based Math Learning appeared first on Education Next.

By: Frederick Hess
Title: The Case for Game-Based Math Learning
Sourced From: www.educationnext.org/the-case-for-game-based-math-learning/?utm_source=The%2BCase%2Bfor%2BGame-Based%2BMath%2BLearning&utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=RSS%2BReader
Published Date: Mon, 31 May 2021 10:00:09 +0000

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Caitlyn Jenner Overstates California’s Share of U.S. Homeless Population

As of January 2020, California had a little more than one-quarter of all the homeless people in the United States, according to the most recent federal estimates of homelessness. 

But Caitlyn Jenner, a Republican candidate to be the state’s next governor, wrongly claimed that California’s portion of the homeless population was twice as high.

Jenner, a former Olympian and reality TV star, is one of several people running to unseat Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom in a special recall election expected to be held later this year.

Part of her campaign platform calls for addressing homelessness in California, which she has said caused at least one person she knows to leave the state because he didn’t want to “walk down the streets and see the homeless.”

Jenner discussed homelessness again during a May 26 Fox News interview on “America’s Newsroom,” in which she overstated the percentage of the country’s homeless residents in her state.

Caitlyn Jenner at an entertainment event in April 2019. Photo by Valerie Macon/AFP via Getty Images

As Bill Hemmer, one of the show’s co-hosts, said, California has the “highest homelessness in the nation” — at least in raw numbers. Jenner added that “50% of all homeless people live in California.”

But Jenner’s interjection was inaccurate, based on a report the Department of Housing and Urban Development released in March.

Part I of “The 2020 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress” said California — which has nearly 40 million residents — had 161,548 of the 580,466 homeless people in the U.S. on a single night in January 2020. That’s significantly less than half.

Combined, about 54% of all people experiencing homelessness were in California (28%), New York (16%), Florida (5%) and Texas (5%), the report said. Those also happen to be the four most populous U.S. states.

We reached out to Jenner’s gubernatorial campaign about her claim, but have not received a response.

It’s possible she meant to refer only to California’s share of the homeless population who do not spend their nights in emergency shelters or transitional housing. The same HUD report said California accounted for 51% of “all unsheltered people in the country,” or 113,660 out of 226,080.

Unsheltered homelessness, HUD said, “refers to people whose primary nighttime location is a public or private place not designated for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for people (for example, the streets, vehicles, or parks).”

However, the majority of homeless people in the U.S. were considered to be sheltered, according to the 2020 analysis. That’s why California — where 70% of the homeless were unsheltered at that point in time — had a smaller share of the overall U.S. homeless population.

Editor’s note: FactCheck.org does not accept advertising. We rely on grants and individual donations from people like you. Please consider a donation. Credit card donations may be made through our “Donate” page. If you prefer to give by check, send to: FactCheck.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center, 202 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104.

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  • 3D Comfort mask design
  • Convenient earloop design
  • Comfortable stretch fabric for tight fit
  • Easy to put on & remove
Note: These masks are not FDA approved nor are they N95. These masks are tested to meet the standards for Chinese KN-95. Tests confirmed almost 90% of particulate pollution, bacteria and viruses were successfully filtered when the mask was used. 20x more effective than cloth masks.
Specs
  • Color: white
  • Materials: 3-layer melt-blown non-woven PPE
  • Product dimensions: 1"H x 8"L x 5"W
  • 3D Comfort design
  • KN95 PRC Standard (Similar to NIOSH N95)
  • CE 0194
  • FFP2 - EN149 Filtration Level

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Sunday, May 30, 2021

The media need to stop utilizing deceptive headings

Often the article doesn’t actually say what the headline promised. We call this an ‘edline’.

It isn’t easy for journalists to reduce an article to a headline of just a few words. Often something important goes missing, or they end up saying something else by mistake—as Yorkshire Live did recently when announcing a list of the most unhygienic businesses in Kirklees.

The headline accompanies an article which lists all the restaurants given zero or one star ratings in Kirklees, but at first glance, this looks like every single business in Kirklees has poor hygiene—which is certainly not true! 

Often a misleading headline might apply to the whole country. For example, last May, a headline in the Independent said: “France sees 70 cases linked to schools days after reopening”. At the time, with schools reopening in Europe, and about to reopen in the UK, there was some concern that this might cause a resurgence of Covid infections, which this headline suggests was happening.

However, the article itself provides some vital missing context lower down, explaining that these people were “likely” to have been infected before France’s schools actually reopened. In other words, they may have involved people who were staff or pupils, but they were probably not “linked” to the fact that schools had reopened at all.

Sometimes the contradiction between the headline and the rest of the piece hides in plain view. Last May, a MailOnline headline said “Coronavirus IS causing deadly new inflammatory fever in some children”—but just three bullet points below, the “IS” turned into “may”. So at the time the scientists, unlike the headline, were not sure.

These newspapers could say in their defence that all the information was in the article, eventually. And in libel cases, judges normally do assume that a “reasonable person” reads the whole article. In reality, however, we know that they often don’t.

Most of us probably know this from our own experience. Both in newspapers and on social media, headlines serve as a kind of menu, allowing us to judge from brief descriptions which articles we want to read. In the process, we get snippets of information about many different things, but nobody has time to read them all in detail.

There’s a certain amount of research supporting this, insofar as we need it. For instance, a survey of 1,492 American adults in 2014 found that 58% did not watch, read or hear any news beyond the headlines in the previous week. (Whereas 88% said they did enjoy keeping up with the news.)

There’s also plenty of informal data from the colourful history of pranks and accidents to demonstrate that people very often share or comment on articles that they haven’t read in full. In 2017, the White House shared an article with a headline that appeared to praise President Trump, apparently without realising that it was in fact a satirical attack on his policies.

On April Fools’ Day 2014, the US broadcaster NPR published an article with the headline “Why Doesn’t America Read Anymore?”. This received many comments on Facebook from people joining, or challenging, what they believed was a lament for the death of reading—and thereby proving that they hadn’t read the article themselves, because it was in fact just a few short sentences about people commenting too hastily.

It is easy to blame readers for this kind of thing. And of course, it is always a good idea to take a moment to read and reflect before sharing something. Indeed, both Twitter and Facebook have recently begun encouraging their users to do this.

Headline-writers must also pause, however, and consider whether they are really living up to their readers’ trust. People are entitled to expect truthfulness on every part of the page, so the media must stop misleading them with what we call “edlines”: headlines that don’t accurately reflect the article beneath them (because it is often the editor or subeditor who put them there.)

We see edlines all the time. After all, journalists under pressure to write something short and enticing must often be tempted to simplify the story slightly. And to be fair, if the story is complex, it is always easy to miss some of the finer points. But this still can be seriously misleading, especially during the pandemic, when the world is often desperate for simpler answers than reality provides.

For example, “If you snore you could be THREE TIMES more likely to die of coronavirus,” a headline in the Sun said last September. But in fact, as the article explained, it was only people diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea who might have been at higher risk, according to the research, not people who snore for other reasons, such as their sleeping position or the shape of their airways.

Some edlines carry an air of wishful thinking. On 9 April, part of the headline on the front page of the Daily Mail said: “Travellers set to get free [Covid-19] test kits”. If true, this was important news. Arranging tests abroad may be a complex and expensive process. Some people may even have booked holidays in the belief that they would not have to do it. But this wasn’t even what the article itself was saying.

Anyone who read down to the middle of the fourth paragraph found out that “ministers are considering giving travellers free Covid tests”. This is the difference between a yes and a maybe, which of course can be a very large difference indeed. (And at the time of writing, seven weeks since this article was published, people still have to pay for a Covid test before returning to England.)

At other times, the most important information in the article seems almost bizarrely buried at the bottom of it. Last December, RT.com (a Russian state news site in English) published an article with the headline: “Austrian lawmaker tests cola for Covid and claims POSITIVE result returned shows testing is ‘worthless’”.

In the narrowest sense, this headline is true, the Austrian lawmaker did claim this, but it leaves out the obvious thing that any reader would want to know: his claims about Covid tests are complete nonsense. As we said at the time, the fact that you can break a Covid test with cola doesn’t mean the tests are worthless. It means that you can break a Covid test with cola.

But you have to scroll all the way down to the final paragraph of the RT.com article to find any hint of this, when it eventually says: “According to German’s [sic] Die Welt newspaper, the Austrian lawmaker administered the test incorrectly, skipping an important step before checking the sample for the virus.”

An edline can be particularly damaging when the article describes the views of an expert or public figure, whose opinion is itself an influential piece of evidence for many people.

In November, for instance, the Guardian headlined an article about the statistician and SAGE participant Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter with the words “England lockdown was needed but graphs were a mess, says statistics guru”.

In fact, the article did not quote Professor Spiegelhalter saying that a lockdown was needed, and he hadn’t said this. Still, it was enough for another prominent scientist and SAGE participant to share it on Twitter, quoting the headline. The Guardian changed the headline soon afterwards, following a request from Professor Spiegelhalter.

To be fair to journalists, they themselves may sometimes be misled by edlines on press releases. In October, a University of Warwick headline said: “‘Eat Out to Help Out’ scheme drove new COVID-19 infections up by between 8 and 17%”.

In fact, as we explained later in an article, this was a misunderstanding of the research itself. The Warwick release goes on to say: “Between 8 and 17% of the newly detected COVID-19 infection clusters can be attributed to the scheme.” However, this does not mean that overall infections increased by that amount. This error may have led several outlets in the media to make the same claim.

Headlines may only be a tiny part of the article, but they are often the only part that people read. This makes them real misinformation capable of real harm.

Right now, it seems that some of the people writing edlines do not take this seriously, which may be why they are so widespread and persistent. When we say that the public deserves good information, it means that every article should be accurate from beginning to end. This is even more important during the pandemic, when people’s health and happiness depend so much on what they see in the media.

If you see an edline in the media, let us know by sending a tweet tagged #edline to our Twitter account @FullFact.

Or you can send us a message on Full Fact’s WhatsApp on 07521 770995, or through the contact form on our website. Please mark your message #edline, and we’ll do our best to correct as many as we can.

Thanks.

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Description
Due to the unprecedented crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, BRIO has dedicated 100% of their operations to importing critically needed respirator masks. Featuring a 3D comfort design, these KN95 masks provide filtration against particulate pollution, gases, as well as bacteria, viruses, and most odors. It's made with comfortable stretch fabric and has convenient earloops for a tight fit. These masks are perfect for everyday wear. Order your 5-Pack now!
  • 3D Comfort mask design
  • Convenient earloop design
  • Comfortable stretch fabric for tight fit
  • Easy to put on & remove
Note: These masks are not FDA approved nor are they N95. These masks are tested to meet the standards for Chinese KN-95. Tests confirmed almost 90% of particulate pollution, bacteria and viruses were successfully filtered when the mask was used. 20x more effective than cloth masks.
Specs
  • Color: white
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No evidence Nobel Laureate stated vaccinated people will die in two years

It’s been claimed that Luc Montagnier, a Nobel Laureate, has said there is no chance of survival for people who have received a Covid-19 vaccine. Posts sharing this text also claim that all vaccinated people will die within two years.

Professor Montagnier, who led the team that first identified HIV, has expressed views against the Covid-19 vaccination process but there is no evidence he has said they will die within two years or that they have no chance of surviving.

A clip sometimes posted alongside these sorts of claims is a two-minute long excerpt from a longer 11 minute interview with Professor Montagnier which has been translated from French into English.

In the 11 minute French original, Professor Montagnier does not make the claims attributed to him.

There is no evidence we could find which shows he has made these claims anywhere else.

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Saturday, May 29, 2021

Ian Brown incorrect to declare Japan declines blood from anyone who’s been immunized

A screenshot of a tweet, posted on Instagram, by The Stone Roses’ lead singer Ian Brown claims that all Japanese citizens vaccinated for Covid-19 are not permitted to give blood. 

It says: “If the jabs are so safe why has Japan stopped anybody who has had one from giving blood?”

This appears to be based on a claim that surfaced in early May in the US, which has already been disproven by American fact checkers FactCheck.org.

FactCheck.org spoke to Hitoshi Hatta, spokesperson for the Japanese Embassy in Washington D.C, who said people were only restricted from donating blood within 48 hours after vaccination for Covid-19. This, he said, was to give time to recover from any vaccine side-effects.

Mr Hatta added the delay was not related to the safety of the Covid-19 vaccine. At the moment the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is the only vaccine currently authorised for use in Japan. 

A Google translation of guidance published at the end of April from the Japanese Red Cross supports his statement.

It states: “Blood donation is not possible for 48 hours after RNA vaccination including RNA vaccine…

“You can donate blood after the above period for both the first and second inoculations.” The guidance came into effect from 14 May.

The delay in England for giving blood after vaccination is even longer.  Anyone who has been vaccinated must wait seven days after their Covid-19 vaccination before they can give blood and if they experience any side effects must wait 28 days from recovery. 

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The UK does not have the worst death toll in Europe, when you represent population

We have the worst death toll in Europe.

Keir Starmer, 27 May 2021.

Boris Johnson was too slow to introduce not one but three lockdowns, which left us with the worst death toll in Europe.

Angela Rayner, 25 May 2021.

Labour’s leader, Sir Keir Starmer, and deputy leader, Angela Rayner, have both said on Twitter and in an official Labour statement on Tuesday that the UK has the “worst [Covid-19] death toll in Europe”.

Although it’s correct that more confirmed Covid deaths have sadly been recorded in the UK than in any other European country, at the time of writing, this does not necessarily tell us whether it had the “worst” death toll, because most European countries have much smaller populations.

When comparing the death tolls in different countries it is important to take account of their different population sizes by looking at how many confirmed deaths they have recorded per million people.

By this measure, depending on which countries you include in “Europe”, the UK had about the 14th worst death toll among European countries on 25 May 2021.

It is also possible to measure the impact of the pandemic in different countries by comparing the excess mortality they have experienced since it started.

This is not a Covid death toll exactly, because it shows the overall difference between the number of deaths from all causes and the number that might be expected normally. Often this “expectation” is based on the average number of deaths over the past five years.

Many countries in Europe experienced extremely high excess mortality in 2020. Analysis by the Office for National Statistics in March found that the UK had the highest cumulative excess mortality rate by 26 June 2020. However, by 18 December 2020, Poland had the highest.

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Friday, May 28, 2021

How we recommend individuals on Facebook and Instagram right posts marked as ‘incorrect’ or ‘partially false’

We’ve been working with Facebook on their Third Party Fact Checking work since 2019, and a big part of that is giving social media posts a rating.

If you’re a Facebook group admin, page owner or you posted something from your personal account, you might have received a notification saying that we’ve rated your content. 

If we rated your content ‘false’, ‘partly false’ or ‘altered’, Facebook may take a number of actions. Firstly, the content will appear lower in news feeds, meaning fewer people see it. Facebook also takes action against individuals, pages or websites that repeatedly share content that fact checkers mark as ‘false’ or ‘altered’ and you may see restrictions on advertising if you are a repeat offender. We don’t decide on or control that process, Facebook does. All we do is rate the accuracy of the content and provide our fact check supporting that.

If your content has been fact checked as ‘false’ or ‘altered’, deleting the content will not solve the problem. Facebook says that deleting these posts “will not eliminate the strike against the Page or domain” and it also means the fact checker can’t process a correction. It doesn’t matter if you’re not the original creator of the content. We all have a responsibility to check what we share is true if we present it as fact, particularly if we have a following online.

We understand that you may want to correct your posts after we’ve fact checked them for a number of reasons. You may want to dispute the rating or you may have changed your post to reflect that what it initially said was false.

Facebook says that users can contact fact checkers if they correct their content which must “correct the false content and/or clearly state that a correction has been made directly on the story.” For an article this could mean correcting the headline so it is no longer false, and adding a line to the article itself saying that the article has been changed. At Full Fact, we correct any mistakes we make in the same way and also publish all our corrections in one place.

If it’s an image or video, Facebook says: “please update the caption to correct the false content and clearly state that a correction was made. You may also link to an additional post that includes an updated, accurate version of the image or video, or to a fact-check article.”

Users can do something similar for a post involving video. For example, this post included a video which was claimed to show panic on board the Ethiopian Airlines flight that crashed in March 2019. As this was incorrect, the user could change their status to say: “CORRECTION: This video does not show the Ethiopian Airlines crash from March.”

This is by no means compulsory. But in order for us to change the rating on a previously inaccurate post, this is what you would need to do. As fact checkers, we think the best corrections to false social media posts is to make clear the original error even to someone just scrolling past and not paying too much attention.

What to do if you want to query our rating

If you’ve corrected some content that we have rated within the partnership with Facebook, you can email us on facebook-tpfc-appeals (at) fullfact (dot) org with a link to your post and your query. You can also email us if you want to dispute the rating we’ve given.

We can only change the ratings for posts we have fact checked. If your content has been rated by another of Facebook’s partners, you’ll need to contact that factchecker directly.

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Cruz Misshapes Candidates’ Defund Police Positions

Sen. Ted Cruz has falsely tried to label “every single” Senate Democrat as “supporting abolishing the police,” based on a misleading interpretation of the words of two of President Joe Biden’s nominees.

Both nominees said in confirmation hearings that they do not support defunding the police, though both have made comments in the past supportive of redirecting some police funding for social programs — such as for mental health and drug intervention — with the intent to reduce the need for police intervention. Neither candidate has advocated for “abolishing the police,” as Cruz put it repeatedly.

Biden’s nominee to be associate attorney general, Vanita Gupta, was confirmed by the Senate by a 51-49 vote on April 21. Sen. Lisa Murkowski was the only Republican to vote for her. The Senate Judiciary Committee deadlocked along partisan lines in a May 13 vote on Kristen Clarke, who was tapped by Biden to lead the civil rights division at the U.S. Department of Justice. Under Senate rules, a simple majority of the Democratic-controlled Senate can bring her nomination to the Senate floor for a vote.

Cruz raised the issue of police funding during a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on gun violence on May 11. Pushing back against Biden’s call to “stop the proliferation” of homemade “ghost guns,” Cruz argued it was a non-issue, and said a bigger problem is that cities experiencing dramatic surges in homicide this year are “all epicenters of the Democrats radical push to defund the police.” (starting at the 33:12 mark).

Cruz then referenced the nominations of Gupta and Clarke, saying both have advocated “defunding the police.”

As we have written, there is no agreed upon definition for the term “defund the police.” Some critics of the police, who believe there is systemic racism in law enforcement, really do want to abolish police forces and replace them with other forms of community safety entities. Others advocate shifting some money and functions away from police departments to social service agencies. Still others want to increase funding to implement changes in policing.

Based on their vote in favor of Gupta and support for Clarke, Cruz attempted (in an exchange with Sen. Richard Blumenthal at around the 39:24 mark of the hearing video) to assign all Senate Democrats the most extreme interpretation of that phrase — abolishing police altogether, a position that no member of the Senate has taken. Nor has Gupta or Clarke.

Cruz, May 11: You just said a moment ago that no Democrat favors abolishing police. If that were the case, why did every single Democrat vote to confirm Vanita Gupta, a nominee for the No. 3 position at the Department of Justice, who said last year in writing, in written testimony before this Senate, advocated abolishing the police. And she was confirmed by one vote. Every single Democrat was the necessary vote to confirm a radical who advocated abolishing the police. And just this week, we’re taking up Kristen Clarke, another radical who has last year, in testimony before the Senate, advocated for abolishing police. If you don’t support abolishing the police, why do you keep voting for nominees who advocate abolishing the police?

Blumenthal: As you well know, Senator Cruz, that is a complete distortion of their positions.

Cruz doubled down on the accusation during a committee hearing to confirm Clarke on May 13. The Texas Republican claimed he had evidence that Gupta “explicitly, unequivocally, with no wiggle room” has supported abolishing the police — and that Senate Democrats who voted to confirm her, by extension, support abolishing the police.

“Senate Democrats are fond of saying that they don’t advocate abolishing the police. That’s understandable. That’s probably good politics,” Cruz said on May 13. “Their voters, most assuredly, don’t support abolishing the police. It is only the radicals. It is only the extreme left that advocates abolishing the police. But today’s proceedings and the proceedings of the last month have made clear that every single Democratic member of the United States Senate is now on record supporting abolishing the police. Why is that? Because every single Democrat voted to confirm Vanita Gupta.”

To back up that statement, Cruz produced Gupta’s written testimony last year to the Senate Judiciary Committee — falsely claiming that it proves she “advocates abolishing the police, explicitly, unequivocally, with no wiggle room.”

Gupta’s Statement

At a June 16, 2020 hearing on police use of force and community relations, Gupta testified as president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights. And she provided a written statement to the committee.

But no fair reading of that statement would lead one to conclude she was advocating “abolishing the police.”

Gupta touted a 2019 report by the Leadership Council Education Fund “outlining proposals to help build trust between communities and police departments, restore confidence, and reimagine a new paradigm of public safety.”

“While front-end systems changes are important,” she wrote, “it is also critical for state and local leaders to heed calls from Black Lives Matter and Movement for Black Lives activists to decrease police budgets and the scope, role, and responsibility of police in our lives.”

Gupta, June 16, 2020: Ultimately, it is becoming clear that Congress must redirect government dollars away from policing practices rooted in the criminal-legal system and the carceral state, and toward policy goals that reflect a vision of public safety that promotes community health and safety. Many crises that currently involve a police response, and which too often lead to mistreatment and increased mistrust, would be better handled through more mental health providers, social workers, victim advocates, drug treatment professionals, educators, gun violence interrupters, and others who can serve community needs in a non-punitive capacity. Providing more federal resources to tackle issues such as homelessness, mental health, unemployment, disabilities, underfunded schools, disparities in health care and nutrition, and the lasting effects of redlining may be beyond the scope of today’s hearing, but they will have a far greater and more lasting impact in making communities safer.

That is not abolishing police. That is changing some aspects of policing and steering some — but not all — police resources to social programs designed to lessen the need for police intervention.

“This moment of reckoning requires leaders, together with communities, to envision a new paradigm for public safety that respects the human rights of all people,” Gupta wrote. “That means not just changing policing practices, but shrinking the footprint of the criminal legal system, including police, in Black and Brown people’s lives. And it means shifting our approach to public safety away from exclusive investments in criminalization and policing, toward investments in economic opportunity, education, health care, and other public benefits. This paradigm not only furthers equity, but also constitutes effective policy: When we stop using criminal ‘justice’ policy as social policy, we make communities safer and more prosperous.”

During her confirmation hearing on March 9, however, Gupta said she does not support defunding the police.

“I do not support defunding the police,” Gupta said. “I have, in fact, spent my career advocating where it’s been necessary for greater resources for law enforcement and things like body-worn cameras, officer wellness and safety programs, and any number of measures.”

A spokesman for the Biden-Harris transition told the Washington Post Fact Checker that Gupta spoke at the June 2020 committee hearing “on behalf of her organization to reflect the consensus position among civil rights groups — not in her personal capacity — and has never personally supported defunding the police in any sense.” The Post determined she had “reversed herself” on the defunding issue.

Regardless, we could find no instance of her calling for “abolishing the police.”

Clarke’s Newsweek Op-Ed

On June 11, 2020, Clarke penned an op-ed for Newsweek that ran under the headline, “I Prosecuted Police Killings. Defund the Police—But Be Strategic.”

Cruz claimed the op-ed “explicitly advocated abolishing the police,” but again it advocated for changes well short of abolishing policing.

Clarke said at her confirmation hearing that the headline that ran atop her op-ed was “a poor title chosen by the editor.” But she did several times in the op-ed call for investing less in police, and more in social services.

To counter that, Cruz read the second paragraph of the op-ed, “Into that space has surged a unifying call from the Black Lives Matter movement: ‘Defund the police.’”

“Now, my colleagues, you cannot argue that someone doesn’t want to defund the police when they describe the unifying call from Black Lives Matter, defund the police,” Cruz said. “But, you say, what does that mean? Well, the next paragraph Ms. Clarke elaborates. ‘Among activists and local governments, the meaning of ‘defund the police’ ranges from reining in municipal police budgets to complete police abolition. For example, a majority of the Minneapolis City Council pledged to ‘dismantle’ their police force.”

Clarke wrote that, but the article makes clear that she does not ascribe to that second, more extreme interpretation of “defund the police.”

Rather, as Cruz noted, Clarke wrote, “We must invest less in police and more in social workers. … We must invest less in police and more in social supports in our schools. … We must invest less in police and more in mental health aid.”

“These examples demonstrate that we can be smart and strategic about how and where we look to ‘defund the police,’” she wrote.

Asked by Cruz during her confirmation hearing on April 14 whether she “still believe[s] it is a good idea to defund the police,” Clarke responded, “I do not support defunding the police. The impetus for writing that op-ed was to make clear that I do not support defunding the police. And I spent considerable time talking about the need to channel resources to places such as mental health treatment, alleviate some of the burdens that we place on the doorstep of law enforcements and the issues we ask them to wrestle with that are outside of their core competency.”

Again, whatever one makes of her stated position to reallocate some police funding to social services — and we at FactCheck.org take no position on that — the fact is she never advocated for the much more extreme position of “abolishing the police.”

Event ‘Organizer’?

Cruz also asserted that as a student at Columbia University, Clarke “organized” a conference that featured speakers who referred to convicted cop-killers Assata Shakur and Mumia Abu-Jamal as political prisoners.

During her confirmation hearing, Clarke said she was “not familiar with their cases” and that she did not organize the conference. Rather, she said, it was “organized by the late Dr. Manning Marable, who was the director of the Institute for Research in African American Studies. I was not the organizer of that conference, but I provided logistical support as a student at that time.”

Cruz also pointed to an email Clarke sent while she was a student in 1999. In it, Clarke forwarded an essay from poet and political activist Amiri Baraka, but Cruz wrongly ascribed Baraka’s words to Clarke.

“To each of my Democratic colleagues on this committee, Ms. Clarke, in writing, said – I want to read the sentence that on this copy is highlighted – ‘The Klan is now the police, with blue uniforms replacing the sheets and hoods,’” Cruz said. “You do not get to pretend you are defenders of law enforcement when you vote to confirm someone who describes police officers as the Klan and who has advocated repeatedly in writing for abolishing the police. This is radical. This is extreme.”

It was not Clarke who wrote, “The Klan is now the police.” It was part of an essay written by Baraka entitled “Mumia, ‘Lynch Law’ & Imperialism.” Clarke forwarded the essay to Marable and suggested it as a piece for a magazine Marable edited, and suggested that it could be used for a panel he was putting together on the death penalty.

Cruz has a point – but he goes too far. Clarke and Gupta have expressed past support for spending less on policing and more on social programs. But they did not call for “abolishing the police” and neither did “every single Democratic member” of the Senate.

Editor’s note: FactCheck.org does not accept advertising. We rely on grants and individual donations from people like you. Please consider a donation. Credit card donations may be made through our “Donate” page. If you prefer to give by check, send to: FactCheck.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center, 202 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104.

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  • Convenient earloop design
  • Comfortable stretch fabric for tight fit
  • Easy to put on & remove
Note: These masks are not FDA approved nor are they N95. These masks are tested to meet the standards for Chinese KN-95. Tests confirmed almost 90% of particulate pollution, bacteria and viruses were successfully filtered when the mask was used. 20x more effective than cloth masks.
Specs
  • Color: white
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  • Product dimensions: 1"H x 8"L x 5"W
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